{"id":7155,"date":"2025-03-13T23:12:41","date_gmt":"2025-03-13T16:12:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wisedoo.org\/?p=7155"},"modified":"2025-06-28T12:04:35","modified_gmt":"2025-06-28T05:04:35","slug":"review-lop-hoc-buoi-so-3-dai-vai-thay-vi-lam-mieng-bot-bien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wisedoo.org\/en\/review-lop-hoc-buoi-so-3-dai-vai-thay-vi-lam-mieng-bot-bien\/","title":{"rendered":"REVIEW L\u1edaP H\u1eccC BU\u1ed4I S\u1ed0 3 \u0110\u00c3I V\u00c0I THAY V\u00cc L\u00c0M MI\u1ebeNG B\u1eccT BI\u1ec2N"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean marketing 25 tu\u1ed5i, lu\u00f4n ch\u00ecm trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o, v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. Th\u00fa th\u1eadt, t\u00f4i t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cmi\u1ebfng b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n\u201d \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a \u2013 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng suy x\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc online c\u1ee7a WisEdoo trong kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc T\u01b0 Duy Th\u1ea5u \u0110\u00e1o – H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: \u201c\u0110\u00e3i V\u00e0ng Thay V\u00ec L\u00e0m Mi\u1ebfng B\u1ecdt Bi\u1ec3n\u201d<\/strong>. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf, khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tham gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “V\u00ec sao c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 thi \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf gi\u1ea3i hockey v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea1i gi\u1ecfi” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 sinh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i. C\u1ea3 l\u1edbp nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 “t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n si\u00eang n\u0103ng”, “t\u00e0i n\u0103ng”, “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0” ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa “s\u1ef1 may m\u1eafn”. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 sinh, vi\u1ec7c sinh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m hay cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 mang t\u00ednh may r\u1ee7i cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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T\u00f4i b\u1eadt c\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Suy lu\u1eadn quy n\u1ea1p \u2013 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi suy lu\u1eadn di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 suy lu\u1eadn trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, suy lu\u1eadn quy n\u1ea1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Survivorship Bias – Thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 k\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t (Wald Abraham, 1943). Khi gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y bay trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u0103m ch\u00fa l\u1eafng nghe. \u201cC\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u1eebng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n gia c\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng quay l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u2013 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang b\u1ecb b\u1eafn tr\u00fang \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00ed m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1ea5y khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i r\u00f9ng m\u00ecnh. Bao l\u1ea7n t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Trong marketing, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea3i m\u00ea ch\u1ea1y theo nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch viral m\u00e0 qu\u00ean xem x\u00e9t l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 k\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t<\/strong> n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTin th\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7t v\u00f4 \u00fd (misinformation), tin thao t\u00fang c\u1ed1 \u00fd (disinformation), v\u00e0 tin \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i (malinformation) \u2013 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00e0n lan tr\u00ean internet. Ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi,\u201d gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean n\u00f3i. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng tin<\/strong>. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc hai k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n